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JAK inhibitors — widely prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions — may be quietly undermining the body's antiviral defenses. Researchers at NTNU found these drugs suppress key immune signaling genes, making it easier for viruses like influenza, COVID-19, and Rift Valley fever to spread. The findings call for greater caution when prescribing these medications during viral outbreaks.
Scientists at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have uncovered a potentially serious hidden risk with JAK inhibitors — a popular class of anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune conditions. Published in NAR Molecular Medicine, the study found that these medications suppress a critical immune signaling pathway that normally shields healthy cells from viral attacks, potentially making patients more vulnerable to infections.
The research team used a combination of virology methods, gene expression analysis, and organoid technology — testing cells from the lungs, eyes, and brain — to show that JAK inhibitors (including baricitinib) reduce the activity of antiviral defense genes. Viruses identified as benefiting from this immune suppression include influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus, and Rift Valley fever virus.
Key Takeaways:
Why it matters: Millions of patients worldwide rely on JAK inhibitors daily. This research signals that clinicians should weigh viral infection risk carefully before prescribing these drugs — especially during flu season or pandemic conditions.
